Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by an abnormal loss of bone mass. Osteopenia is a milder condition of a loss of bone density. Bone mass is developed during youth, and can be increased with exercise. The general risk factors for osteoporosis are female gender, advancing age, family history of osteoporosis, physical inactivity, low calcium and vitamin D intake, smoking, and alcohol abuse. In addition, risk factors for people with IBD are the presence of chronic inflammation, use of corticosteroids, and possible nutritional deficiencies.
The best treatment for osteoporosis is to prevent it. The easiest way to do this is to ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D and to exercise. The exercise should include quick movements in various directions and controlled impacts, such as aerobics, squash, or Nordic walking.
If you are already diagnosed with osteoporosis, you have a higher risk of bone fractures. The weaker the bones are, the less load is needed to improve their strength. Walking could be adequate.
Further reading:
Vuori, I. & Taimela, S. (1999). Liikuntalääketiede. Helsinki: Duodecim.
